Cukai Tanah, Cukai Pintu, Cukai Petak in English

Short answer:

Three different taxes, two different authorities, two completely different bases of calculation. They get used interchangeably in conversation and they are not interchangeable at all.

Cukai Tanah (Quit Rent)

Legal basis: National Land Code (Act 828, Revised 2020), Part Six, sections 93 to 101.

A small vocabulary trap first: the statute never uses the words "quit rent". It just says "rent". Quit rent is the customary English name.

Who levies it: the State Authority. It is collected by the Land Administrator at the district land office and administered by the Pejabat Tanah dan Galian. In the Federal Territories, section 101 is modified so that the relevant authority is the Minister responsible for lands.

How it is calculated: section 96 sets the basis, and this is the key structural fact — it is a rate per unit of land area, not a percentage of value. If the rate is expressed per hectare, town or village land under 1/100 hectare counts as 1/100 hectare, and country land under 1/10 hectare counts as 1/10 hectare. If the rate is per any other unit of area, a fraction counts as a whole unit.

Rates themselves are set by each state's own Land Rules and vary by land category (kediaman, perniagaan, perindustrian, pertanian) and by whether the land is classified as town or country land.

When it is due: section 94(2) — payable in full on 1 January, in arrear from 1 June.

What happens if you do not pay: section 97 provides for a notice of demand in Form 6A, and section 100 allows forfeiture of the land to the State Authority if the full sum is not tendered within the notice period. Quit rent is a small bill with a very large consequence attached.

Cukai Petak (Parcel Rent)

Legal basis: Strata Titles Act 1985, section 4C and Part IVA, sections 23A to 23I.

What it is for: before parcel rent, a strata development's quit rent was assessed on the whole master lot and billed to the developer or management body, which recovered it from owners through maintenance charges. Parcel rent bills each parcel owner directly instead.

The point most people get wrong: parcel rent replaces the quit rent on the master lot. It is not an additional tax layered on top. If your building has moved to parcel rent, the master lot quit rent stops.

How it is calculated: section 23C(8)(a) — a rate per square metre for each parcel, or parcel and accessory parcel. Section 23C(9) rounds the figure up to the nearest ringgit.

When it is due: section 23C(6) — same as quit rent, in full on 1 January, in arrear from 1 June.

Where it applies: state by state. Section 4C(1) provides that parcel rent only comes into operation in a state when the Minister, with National Land Council approval, appoints a date by gazette notification.

Cukai Pintu / Cukai Taksiran (Assessment)

Legal basis: Local Government Act 1976 (Act 171), Part XV.

Who levies it: your local council. Section 127 lets a council impose the rate with State Authority approval, which is exactly why every council publishes different percentages. Section 129 also lets a council divide its area into parts and rate them differently, which is why a council like Port Dickson has different residential rates by mukim.

How it is calculated: section 130(1) is the provision worth memorising. Rates may be assessed on annual value OR improved value, as the State Authority determines:

• Annual value is defined in section 2 as the estimated gross annual rent at which the holding might reasonably be expected to let from year to year, with the landlord paying repairs, insurance, maintenance and all public rates and taxes. Capped at 35% by section 130(2)(a).
• Improved value is defined as the price an owner willing but not obliged to sell might reasonably expect from a willing purchaser — in other words, capital value. Capped at 5% by section 130(3)(a).

Most councils use annual value. Johor Bahru uses improved value, which is why MBJB's published rates run from 0.03% to 0.24% while Petaling Jaya's run from 2% to 5%. Those numbers are not comparable and applying one basis to the other overstates a bill by roughly a hundredfold.

When it is due: section 133 — the rate endures no more than 12 months and is payable half-yearly in advance, in January and July. Section 147 makes it an arrear if unpaid at the end of February and the end of August, which reconciles the commonly quoted 28 February and 31 August deadlines with the statutory January and July billing.

Two useful limits: section 136 — if the yearly rate is under RM5, nothing is payable. Section 134 exempts places of religious worship, licensed burial grounds and crematoria, public schools, and property used for charitable or educational purposes.

One thing to be aware of: section 146 makes rates a first charge on the holding, and section 148 allows recovery by warrant of attachment.

Which Ones Apply to You

Two More Terms You Will Meet

Cukai taksiran vs cukai pintu — the same thing. "Pintu" (door) is the older colloquial name, from the door-based assessment of the past. Councils use "cukai taksiran" in official documents.

Nilai tahunan vs nilai tambah — annual value versus improved value, the two bases under section 130(1). If your bill says nilai tambah, your council rates on capital value.

Related Reading

• Quit rent and assessment calculator — verified rates and every official payment portal
• How to pay quit rent and assessment online
• Property tax Malaysia overview
• Maintenance fee and sinking fund calculator